Content Search Test - MJ-Electrolyte Disorders_Poston

Electrolyte Disorders_Poston - 1

Pdf Summary

Electrolytes are substances that carry an electric charge in the body and are crucial for various bodily functions. Disorders in electrolyte levels can have significant implications on health. Sodium (Na) is a major electrolyte that determines the tonicity of extracellular fluids. Changes in sodium concentration can cause water to enter or leave the brain, which can be problematic due to the skull. Hyponatremia (low sodium) and hypernatremia (high sodium) primarily affect the nervous system and their severity is determined by the abnormality and the rate of change. Treatment includes controlled therapy to avoid harm and correcting the sodium levels. Hyponatremia can have normal or increased tonicity, and the majority of cases are hypotonic. Various factors can cause hyponatremia, and treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms and duration of the condition. Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a severe neurologic disorder that can result from a rapid increase in plasma sodium, and precautions should be taken to prevent it. For hypernatremia, water repletion is important, and the rate of correction depends on whether it is acute or chronic. Potassium abnormalities can also have serious implications and are associated with mortality. Hypokalemia (low potassium) and hyperkalemia (high potassium) can cause weakness, changes in heart rhythm, and muscle function. Treatment includes correcting the underlying cause and repleting potassium levels. Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous are other electrolytes that can cause various symptoms when imbalanced. Treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms, and monitoring of levels is essential.

Keywords

electrolytes

sodium

hyponatremia

hypernatremia

tonicity

potassium abnormalities

hypokalemia

hyperkalemia

water balance

imbalances