TEST - Book of PDFs-01_Ioachimescu_Pharmacol Rx of Smoking Ioachimescu 2016 CMS PC.pptx

01_Ioachimescu_Pharmacol Rx of Smoking Ioachimescu 2016 CMS PC.pptx - 1

Pdf Summary

The document discusses the pharmacological therapy options available for smoking cessation. It states that there are currently seven FDA-approved medications for the treatment of tobacco use, including bupropion, nicotine gum, nicotine inhaler, nicotine lozenge, nicotine nasal spray, nicotine patch, and varenicline. <br /><br />First-line therapies include nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), which can be administered through patches, gum, lozenges, or inhalers. NRT helps to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Bupropion, an antidepressant, is also a first-line therapy and works by increasing dopamine levels in the brain. Varenicline, a partial agonist/antagonist of the α4β2 receptor, reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms by releasing dopamine and blocking the positive reinforcement effects of nicotine. <br /><br />Second-line agents, although not FDA-approved, can also be used for smoking cessation. This includes clonidine, an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, and nortriptyline, which reduces the actions of nicotine. Cytisine is another potential option that acts as a partial agonist of α4β2 nicotinic receptors. <br /><br />The document highlights that combining two types of NRT is as effective as varenicline and more effective than a single type of NRT. It also states that cytisine and nortriptyline improve the chances of quitting compared to placebo. Bupropion carries a risk of seizures, and clonidine can cause side effects. Nicotine vaccines and other medications have been withdrawn from the market. <br /><br />In conclusion, NRT, bupropion, varenicline, cytisine, and nortriptyline are all effective options for smoking cessation with low risks of harm. Further research is needed to monitor the safety of varenicline.

Keywords

pharmacological therapy

smoking cessation

FDA-approved medications

bupropion

nicotine gum

nicotine inhaler

nicotine lozenge

nicotine nasal spray

nicotine patch

varenicline